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Wyoming Land Sale and Use Regulations

On this planet, there is no place with qualities that resemble the state of Wyoming.  Characterized by extensive stretches of open space, abundant wildlife, and a citizenry who chooses to live here because it loves such things^8,9, this state is governed by principles that differentiate it within the Union and without.  As our world grows and changes, it is inevitable that all possible economic opportunities will be explored and exploited.  Although land use patterns are of concern to citizens¹⁷, the decisive regulating must have a legal basis¹⁸.  Fragmentation of governmental entities has ultimately delegated physical development responsibilities to the county level^1,2,3,22.  Because regulation at this level is deficient, taking of unsound advantage is abounding.  The chief issue is division of private land into saleable parcels barely larger than the exempted size regulated as a subdivision²⁶.  Aside from being unethical as skirting the intent of the law¹⁴, such manipulation of land use regulations has far reaching implications affecting individual buyers, community infrastructures¹⁶, county government responsibilities^15,18, and even Wyoming’s inimitable ecological diversity⁴.

Currently, as dictated by the State, a number of explicit exemptions exist for dividing land without qualifying as technical subdivisions.  Though wording of these exemptions is prefaced within the law by the statement: “Unless…adopted for the purpose of evading this act,”²⁰ contemporary justice systems are unable to assess “purpose”: most convenient for evaders⁵.  Included in 1976’s original model subdivision regulations, the eight (8) total exemptions provided are: cemetery lot sale, sale to State, sale for agricultural purposes, urban incorporated land, thirty-five (35) acre or larger parcels, railroad right-of-way, agriculturally requisite property line adjustments, and land officially platted as subdivisions²⁰.  Recent need demanded an additional provision for family-gifting based on duration of holding¹.  The predominant abuse of exemptions involves this recent time-based provision and the “thirty-five (35) acres or larger” exemption (referred to from here on as “35 acre” exemption)^1,2,3,6. 

It is practical to recognize that these exemptions were instituted with realistic applications.  Unanticipated ramifications of land use regulation abuse are not a phenomenon.  They have been constant companions of the actual regulations from the very establishment of such^7,10,11.  Identifying the properties and consequences of this abuse is critical to problem handling and solution development.  The three most critically problematic areas suitable to address concern (1)buyers’/citizens’ issues, (2)county government strains¹⁵, and (3)threats to wildlife ecology.

This first issue, concerning the interests of individuals purchasing improperly fragmented properties, is best expressed as a measure of disappointment over compromised expectations.  The B. B. Brooks real estate developers, culprits of broad scale abuse of both exemptions in consideration, boldly proclaim on the front page of their website: “The spirit of the American West can now be yours.”²⁶ To ones from California and other such impacted locations, a land lot of approximately thirty-five acres is imagined to stretch on forever like some classically expansive ranch¹⁶: a pristine, remote grant of earth.  A 2004 poll revealed that 61% of current residents value preserving the Western lifestyle^4,8.  Surely, non-residents believing in the nostalgic expressions on B. B. Brooks’ website must share current residents’ appreciation of Western heritage and lifestyle.  Why would they be disappointed?

B.B. Brooks Ranch Parcel Map - Phase 2

PARCEL #	ACREAGE	STATUS	PRICE PER ACRE	TOTAL PRICE
198	39.93	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
199	39.96	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
200	40.04	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
201	40.22	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
202	40.13	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
203	75.15	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
204	75.43	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
205	40.11	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
206	40.21	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
207	39.98	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
208	39.9	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
209	39.95	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
210	79.78	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
211	79.97	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
212	68.65	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
213	51.75	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
214	40.23	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
215	35.94	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
216	53.48	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
217	40.01	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
218	39.88	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
219	39.93	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
220	40.52	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
221	41.09	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
222	154.24	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
223	81.58	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
224	39.88	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
225	39.82	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
226	49.42	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
227	46.82	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
228	40.01	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
229	35.67	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
230	35.36	Pending	$ 995.00	$ 35,183.20
231	40.25	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
232	38.93	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
233	38.88	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
234	42.61	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
235	39.54	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
236	58.41	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
237	38.52	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
238	63.92	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
239	39.37	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
240	49.98	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
241	39.91	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
242	39.89	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
243	39.8	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
244	42.88	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
245	39.61	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
246	35.48	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
247	35.53	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
248	35.5	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
249	35.5	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
250	37.75	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
251	55.45	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
252	57.86	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
253	35.58	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
254	35.53	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
255	35.52	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
256	35.58	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
257	35.53	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
258	39.59	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
259	45.6	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
260	46.23	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
261	59.76	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
262	36.33	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
263	39.46	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
264	35.53	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
265	35.56	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
266	35.47	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
267	35.5	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
268	36.61	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
269	57.1	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
270	55.95	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
271	37.9	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
272	35.49	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
273	35.45	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
274	35.57	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
275	55.64	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
276	49.72	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
277	39.55	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
278	59.79	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
279	36.27	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
280	35.63	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
281	39.86	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
282	39.9	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
283	39.53	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
284	39.58	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
285	39.65	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
286	39.69	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
287	39.75	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
288	39.74	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
289	39.62	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
290	39.63	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
291	39.61	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
292	39.56	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
293	44.73	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
294	36.31	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
295	39.89	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
296	39.77	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
297	66.6	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
298	39.58	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
299	39.56	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
300	39.51	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
301	39.58	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
302	39.65	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
303	54.69	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
304	44.46	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
305	44.89	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
306	52.43	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
307	37.38	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
308	39.53	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
309	39.62	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
310	39.68	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
311	39.84	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
312	39.84	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
313	39.84	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
314	39.78	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
315	39.34	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
316	40	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
317	51.28	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
318	48.19	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
319	36.59	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
320	42.15	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
321	39.66	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
322	39.62	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
323	39.56	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
324	39.49	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
325	39.44	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
326	39.5	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
327	39.56	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
328	39.62	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
329	39.78	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
330	44.92	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
331	38.66	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
332	47.05	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
333	37.12	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
334	56.54	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
335	55.14	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
336	36.16	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
337	36.26	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
338	37.05	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
339	50.22	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
340	60.2	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
341	35.87	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
342	35.99	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
343	42.04	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
344	47.36	Available	$ 1,495.00	$ 70,803.20
345	45.74	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
346	35.59	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
347	39.98	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
348	38.42	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
349	40.58	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
350	35.79	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
351	35.69	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
352	35.85	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
353	39.58	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
354	39.52	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
355	39.48	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
356	39.42	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
357	39.74	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
358	39.68	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
359	39.62	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
360	39.55	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
361	39.45	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
362	39.49	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
363	39.53	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
364	39.57	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
365	35.86	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
366	35.71	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
367	36.56	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
368	40.53	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
369	50.06	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
370	35.54	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
371	46.92	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
372	45.79	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
373	45.93	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
374	38.63	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
375	52.48	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
376	36.13	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
377	40.54	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
378	36.85	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
379	35.68	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
380	35.86	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
381	39.59	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
382	39.54	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
383	39.5	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
384	39.45	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
385	39.58	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
386	39.65	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
387	39.7	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
388	39.77	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
389	35.6	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
390	37.76	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
391	39.69	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
392	39.64	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
393	39.52	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
394	39.65	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
395	39.7	Pending	$ 1,395.00	$ 55,381.50
396	39.69	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
397	35.94	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
398	35.85	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
399	37.44	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
400	40.5	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
401	40.09	Pending	$ 1,295.00	$ 51,916.55
402	36.04	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
403	40.26	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
404	40.14	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
405	36.02	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
406	40.05	Pending	$ 1,295.00	$ 51,564.75
407	44.3	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
408	37.7	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
409	35.7	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
410	35.85	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
411	39.68	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
412	39.71	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
413	39.66	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
414	39.53	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
415	39.66	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
416	39.72	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
417	36.08	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
418	49.7	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
419	69.32	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
420	36.24	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
421	48.42	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
422	52.01	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
423	60.46	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
424	41.84	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
425	48.28	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
426	48.48	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
427	50.29	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
428	37.89	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
429	38.85	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
430	38.73	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
431	41.47	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
432	40.49	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
433	39.58	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
434	39.73	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
435	40.36	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
436	40.42	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
437	40.75	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
438	40.58	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
439	40.09	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
440	39.92	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
441	39.9	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
442	38.32	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
443	37.68	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
444	36.85	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
445	38.44	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
446	40.1	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
447	40.16	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
448	40.26	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
449	41.23	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
450	41.4	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
451	41.16	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
452	41.18	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
453	40.37	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
454	40.38	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
455	40.43	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
456	38.9	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
457	36.36	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
458	35.59	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
459	39.09	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
460	40.58	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
461	40.54	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
462	40.5	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
463	40.73	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -
464	40.79	- - - - - - - SOLD - - - - - -

Can you find a parcel that is 35 acres or smaller?

One of the definitions of open space as provided by Jim Geringer’s Open Space Initiative is, “Land largely free of residential and industrial development.”  Inexperienced residents do not realize there will be at least seventeen other single-family establishments within their square mile²⁷.  Looking out their windows, instead of seeing open land as far as their eye is capable, residents will encounter a countryside dotted with man-made structures¹⁰.  It should be considered that Wyoming’s notably broad landscape vistas would further provide comprehensive views of more neighbors than surely anticipated. 

A second definition provided by the Open Spaces Initiative details a proliferation of wildlife as spectacle.  Considering that increased housing generally results in new fencing, access roads, and increased human activities, each of these additions are likewise known to decrease presence and activity of wildlife¹¹.  Though the reduction of such has inherent ecological repercussions, new landowners surely will regret the lack of fulfillment of their “Wild West” expectations so much as scenic perspectives are concerned⁹. 

In addition to an expectation of nostalgic environs, land purchasers likely anticipate the availability of requisite practicalities associated with properly developed subdivisions.  It is correct that these “subdivided” lands are not technically “subdivisions,”¹⁴ and therefore devoid of development standards and regulations⁵.  Such scarcely exempted divisions provide minimal to no provisions for water access and use, sewage systems, road access, schools, law enforcement, and other home site necessities^13,22,25. Each of these deficient necessities, provided for in true subdivisions, has individually received attention from researchers recognizing how serious the effects of their neglect may become¹⁶.  The disarray caused by neglect of these aspects of development almost inevitably becomes the responsibility of county governments¹⁵. This is to prevent further progression of problems: socially, ecologically, economically, and tediously!

Developers of officially zoned subdivisions are governed by specific stipulations for planning their projects.  If developers evade responsibility through manipulation of exemptions, strain is transferred to the county.  Regardless of misapplied responsibility – developer to county – there are already community service related impacts resulting from land use conversion²⁵.  An increased tax base could, at first consideration, be thought to contribute to lowering taxes and perhaps increasing availability of funds for improvement of services²¹.  The conclusions of current studies, however, are contrary to this hopeful theory.  Compromised infrastructure, as an outcome of land use alterations and subdividing, serves to raise taxes and increase government service demands¹⁶.  Costs to county governments of community services for residential areas, by countrywide figures, is $1.15 for every $1.00 generated by that use.  Such expenditure is in dramatic contrast to costs of land managed for forest use ($0.36), commercial use ($0.27), and agriculture use ($0.54).  Costs within Wyoming further skew nationwide figures, weighing in at $2.01 for rural residential land use classification²⁵.

Direct consequences of changes in land use designations, in addition to the secondary consequences for public and government lands merely adjacent to those changes, manifest factors impacting county infrastructure.  In Wyoming, natural resource-based industries form the economic base, even on a county scale^9,12.  Directly, there is a change in designation of land use for such industry, when an increase of residential use is implemented in place.  Indirectly, residential areas established adjacent to rangeland, mineral and oil resources, timber forests, and recreationally allocated lands, interfere with management objectives for those given areas²⁴ and therefore the economic base.  Both the direct and indirect interferences incur loss of and to these integral industries, regardless of the extent of replacement by construction and service industry.  Ultimately, Wyoming’s current resource of public lands is being forced to facilitate residential development, adding to its existing pressures of wildlife, recreation, rangeland, fossil and scenic responsibilities^7,19.

The aforementioned change-impacts are significantly detrimental to wildlife ecology.  Perhaps the most self-evident ensuing strain on this ecology involves habitat⁹.  Added housing structures reduce explicit horizontal area, overtly covering land potentially belonging to wild inhabitants.  It can be inferred that the thirty-five acres surrounding a construction or residential site neither are particularly inviting to wildlife.  If they were inviting, human visitors would be sure to maintain their own safety by excluding them.  Though notably populous in Wyoming as a contrast to surrounding states, large carnivores are precious resources of diversity and valuable for their ecosystem roles¹¹.  Regardless, they become the target of exclusion when humans invade their habitat.  Consequent food web alterations and a proliferation of occupants of lower trophic levels are the anticipated repercussions.  This population transformation corresponds to increased problems for agribusiness, as crops are demanded as a food source and rangeland as a habitat for growing populations of lower animals.  Increased rural residential use turns native animals into safety threats and agricultural pests.^{8,9,11,16,24,28}

Wildlife move based on season, weather, terrestrial characteristics, and more minute measurements of such.  Vital resources and environmental conditions dictate this movement^11,28.  When a road, fence, house, or recognizable change occurs through a migration path¹³, wildlife are discouraged, prevented or somehow influenced against pursuing needed change²⁹.  Human disturbance of natural wildlife systems have farther reaching effects than making unhappy or confused creatures, though that in itself may be a valid problem³⁰.  It becomes essential that human organizations become involved in habitat and migration corridor restoration, maintenance, and development.  This contributes added responsibility, worry, expense and time demand to involved entities.  No ready solution is available involving wildlife ecosystems, so a perpetual problem is thereby created^28,29.

Habitat, population and migration hardships are further accompanied by compromised water resources.  Residential developments demand copious quantities of water, even compared to agricultural land use¹⁷.  Previously stated is the lack of deliberation on basic services evinced by improperly fragmented land developments.  One outcome of this is poorly established septic systems.  Water table contamination is an inevitable result, not only affecting water sources for those downstream, but for wildlife that rely on those unfortunately susceptible natural sources^23,25. 

Evidence of numerous problems abounds related to the central action of inappropriate real estate development.  County involvement has, thus far, been inefficient, reactionary, by default, and dictated by desperation: typical of unanticipated situations and emergency measures^5,12,16.  Proliferation of awareness, evinced by the large volume of related, concerned publications^15,22, does not seem to be effectively contributing to solution progression.  Awareness is inherently good and hopefully indicative of potential improvements.  Included in potential improvements are encouraging provisions, though their implementation is yet sought. 

Provisions for improvement include: conservation easements, exemption updates, zoning changes and enforcement, and maintenance of viability of large scale open space operations.  These measures incorporate consideration for a broad range of applications.  Prevention of legal terminology abuse for the purpose of gaining economic advantage is accounted for⁶.  Maintenance of economically practical industry operations is the focus of another potential solution^8,9.  Suggestions for county government actions as preventative or preliminary measures are provided^16,19.  Yet, there is a measure of hopelessness to contemplating Wyoming land sale and use regulations. 

Beneficial intentions are prolific, though the direction of the quality of statewide development exhibits a blatantly negative direction¹².  Economic growth and development of industry variety are vital, desirable and inevitable^7,16.  A tendency toward reactive versus preventative involvement predominates the description of human activity, especially evident in the lack of expediency within government and large business.  Coupled with a lack of provision within the legal system for measuring intent and ethical reasoning, the certainty of selfishly inconsiderate developments is disheartening and frightening.  If one maintains an appreciation for undisturbed, open and characteristically Western perspective, that one ought to immediately explore Wyoming, bringing their camera or paints and easel, because such perspective is proving to be a time-sensitive artwork.